What does an SQL formatter do?
An SQL formatter rewrites query layout without changing query logic. It adds line breaks, indentation, and consistent keyword styling to make SQL easier to read.
This page shows unformatted SQL query input and formatter output side by side, so you can evaluate readability differences quickly. The examples are for PostgreSQL database but all common databases are support, e.g. MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Sever.
Use these SQL formatting examples to create team standards, reduce review friction, and keep SQL scripts consistent across repositories.
Compare the same SQL query formatted in different styles to pick the output that best fits your team conventions and review workflow.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT
p.name AS product_name,
u.username,
r.comment,
tag_element.tag
FROM
reviews r
JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id
CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag)
WHERE
r.rating = 5
AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Balanced readability for day-to-day SQL development, pull requests, and pair review sessions.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT p.name AS product_name,
u.username,
r.comment,
tag_element.tag
FROM reviews r
JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id
CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag)
WHERE r.rating = 5
AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Uses fewer line breaks while keeping each clause legible for dashboards, docs, and runbooks.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT p.name AS product_name, u.username, r.comment, tag_element.tag FROM reviews r JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag) WHERE r.rating = 5 AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Best for logs or metadata fields where SQL must stay on one line.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT
p.name AS product_name
,u.username
,r.comment
,tag_element.tag
FROM
reviews r
JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id
CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag)
WHERE
r.rating = 5
AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Popular for teams that want cleaner diffs when adding or removing columns in SELECT lists.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT p.name AS product_name,
u.username,
r.comment,
tag_element.tag
FROM reviews r
JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id
CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag)
WHERE r.rating = 5
AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Emphasizes visual alignment to scan selected columns and SQL blocks quickly.
Unformatted SQL input
select p.name as product_name,u.username,r.comment,tag_element.tag from reviews r join products p on r.product_id=p.product_id join users u on r.user_id=u.user_id cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') as tag_element(tag) where r.rating=5 and r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase'='true'; Formatted SQL output
SELECT p.name AS product_name,
u.username,
r.comment,
tag_element.tag
FROM reviews r
JOIN products p ON r.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN users u ON r.user_id = u.user_id
CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements_text(r.metadata -> 'tags') AS tag_element(tag)
WHERE r.rating = 5
AND r.metadata ->> 'verified_purchase' = 'true'; Keeps SQL keywords vertically aligned when your team prefers fixed-column layouts.
Review before-and-after SQL formatting for real-world patterns such as CTEs, window functions, and conditional updates.
Unformatted SQL input
with monthly_sales as (select date_trunc('month',o.order_date)::date as sales_month,sum(oi.quantity*oi.price_at_purchase) as revenue from orders o join order_items oi on oi.order_id=o.order_id where o.order_date>=date '2025-01-01' and o.order_date<date '2026-01-01' group by 1) select sales_month,revenue from monthly_sales where revenue>10000 order by revenue desc; Formatted SQL output
WITH monthly_sales AS (
SELECT
date_trunc('month', o.order_date)::date AS sales_month,
SUM(oi.quantity * oi.price_at_purchase) AS revenue
FROM orders o
JOIN order_items oi ON oi.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
o.order_date >= date '2025-01-01'
AND o.order_date < date '2026-01-01'
GROUP BY 1
)
SELECT
sales_month,
revenue
FROM monthly_sales
WHERE revenue > 10000
ORDER BY revenue DESC; Formatting CTEs with clear blocks makes aggregate logic easier to audit and debug.
Unformatted SQL input
select department,employee_id,salary,sum(salary) over(partition by department order by hire_date rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as running_salary from employees where is_active=true; Formatted SQL output
SELECT
department,
employee_id,
salary,
SUM(salary) OVER (
PARTITION BY department
ORDER BY hire_date
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
) AS running_salary
FROM employees
WHERE is_active = true; Window clauses become substantially easier to read when each frame and partition line is isolated.
Unformatted SQL input
update subscriptions set status=case when canceled_at is not null then 'canceled' when expires_at<now() then 'expired' else 'active' end,updated_at=now() where tenant_id=42 returning subscription_id,status,updated_at; Formatted SQL output
UPDATE subscriptions
SET
status = CASE
WHEN canceled_at IS NOT NULL THEN 'canceled'
WHEN expires_at < now() THEN 'expired'
ELSE 'active'
END,
updated_at = now()
WHERE tenant_id = 42
RETURNING
subscription_id,
status,
updated_at; Multi-branch CASE updates are safer to review when conditions and returned fields are fully expanded.
Unformatted SQL input
select id,event_name,payload->>'source' as source,created_at from events where payload ? 'source' and payload->>'source' in ('web','api') and created_at>=now()-interval '30 days' order by created_at desc limit 100; Formatted SQL output
SELECT
id,
event_name,
payload ->> 'source' AS source,
created_at
FROM events
WHERE
payload ? 'source'
AND payload ->> 'source' IN ('web', 'api')
AND created_at >= now() - interval '30 days'
ORDER BY created_at DESC
LIMIT 100; Formatted JSON operators improve readability and reduce predicate mistakes in analytics queries.
Use this checklist to keep SQL style consistent and easy to scan across code reviews, migrations, and analytics notebooks.
After formatting, validate and improve your query with the SQL validator, SQL optimizer, and SQL explainer.
An SQL formatter rewrites query layout without changing query logic. It adds line breaks, indentation, and consistent keyword styling to make SQL easier to read.
Formatting itself does not change runtime behavior. It only changes presentation, but better readability helps teams identify optimization opportunities faster.
Pick the style that matches your code review culture and stick to it. Consistency across all queries is usually more important than the specific style selected.
Get started for free
Generate, validate, optimize, and explain queries in seconds. Bring your own schema, keep full control, and start free with no credit card required.